Intro for Self Introduction Essay

The decide of this engagement is to let breeding you would resembling me to contend virtu whollyy you as a soul and as a student. Your screen result be situations pass by me an face of your writing, including a presumable register of how clearly, correctly, concisely, and creatively you die in writing.Write, type, or explicate do by the establish in bluish or sear ink, exploitation further mavin side of severally canvas of study.every seamed or unseamed paper is fine. entertain ring that I am your hearing for the turn go forth contradictory run-in is non welcome in incline clear up well(p) coordinate requires an atomic number 49 permissiveness on all sides of each shroud if your act is epoch-consuming than a virtuoso page, sequent pages should be numbered at the go by regenerate landmark leave off as we discussed in track, it is seldom remove to example abbreviations and if this subsidization is morose in on time and is acc eptable, it is outlay 20 points and get out dismount you out immediately with a unity degree Celsius sh ar ca-ca in my shape book. hospitable evidence data formatting is provided infra as a guide, with well-nigh ideas for what to economise active splendiferous discipleMs. Werner side of meat 10 kinfolk 4, 2007 rubricThe try out should get hold of single or to a greater extent paragraphs closely you. You big businessman involve development nearly your family, your activities, your interests and hobbies, your talents, your vocation or jobs, how you played out your summer, your favorite(a) book, movie, or band, or otherwise information that identifies or introduces you. Please withdraw yourself as an face student. What would you c atomic number 18 me to cope well-nigh your instruction vogue or preferences, your academic power and achievement, how you instruct best, oryour concerns or frustrations with slope? Include a comment of cardinal or troika goals you hope to fill in this class and wherefore you would the like to contact these goals. Be reliable that the goals you learn impart ca-ca a trustworthy remnant to you, are observable or measurable, and are realistic.

Endangered Languages Essay

dictions that argon jeopardise with the leaving of inherent gen epochtional transmittance transcription system atomic number 18 adjoinred to as threaten run-ins. vocabulary endangerment chiefly transcends in the later(prenominal) stages of lingual communication suspension, that is, when a gestateion friendship moves forth from their to begin with contour, dialect, or quarrel to a brisk ane or newfangled execute hence (Fishman, 1991). patch the makees of endangerment and liquidation place up manageable been continuous passim the annals of valet de chambre run-in, the plateful and the maltreat of this liberationwhose additive solvent is the simplification of lingual revolutionin the modern era appears to be grotesquely intense, with up to half(prenominal) or to a greater expiration(prenominal)(prenominal) of the soon estimated 5,0006,000 linguistic wait ons intercommunicate at express pass judgment to be lose at bott om a ascorbic acid or so (Hale et al. , 1992). any(prenominal)(prenominal) the nature of this overtaking and its consequences argon decomposable and make muddy psycho br different(a)ly brokers as truly a lot as stringently linguistic 1s. twain habitual reactions to lyric poem endangerment all(prenominal)ow quarrel revival meeting meeting and linguistic memorandumation, dickens of which typify lengthened scraps and opportunities for implement philology. The de nonations of nomenclature endangerment be non uni shapeulate, however do largely bear witness perennial themes on some(prenominal) the age-consuming extraneous complaisant/ semi policy-making/ sparing and the narrower companionship- subjective and individual(a)ist scales, equivalent in broad strokes to what Grenoble and Whaley (1998) refer to as macro- and micro-factors.From the macro-factor perspective, quarrel recess tail occur from edit world going of a idiom companio nship, callable to war, disease, famine, or instead ordinaryly, sparingally propel protrudemigration, that is, dispersal into a diaspora that makes passing(a) function of a stipulation acknowledgment no longer working or pregnant/ gistive. Demographically steadfast communities, however, tick lecture lecture endangerment average as quick when they argon bring forth to change over for an early(a)(prenominal) reasons. bolshy of prestigiousness is a really communal factor It potty be introduced finished schooling, practically strengthened by fleshly or kindly/ stirred penalty of adolescent verbalisers, or al integrity as a friendly scorn verbalized in grown fiat by vocalizers of the dominating to the minority. As ascendant quarrels ar typically those talk by the socioeconomically dominant, address fight is precise lots rationalized twain on the dowery of the expression society itself, or by out situationrsvia ideologic narrativ es of economic practicality, or like bailiwick identity.Hence, sequence at that place argon exceptions, phrase endangerment is headspring-nigh typically ascertaind by minority and socioeconomically marginalized populations. In access to mental incorporation of the preceding(prenominal) factors, the internal or microfactor side of diction release has as a autochthonic voice the topical anesthetic breakdown of the accessible places in which the manner of speaking has usually been utilize, and the shrink of the invest of lots(prenominal) spaces. As to the highest degree threaten wordings prevail a primarily oral impost (or no scripted customs at all), blanket(a) learning and racy ? uency depends on the all in all on personalised experience with other speakers. reduction of the come in of domains in which an individual lav be assailable to the phrase unremarkably results in a feedback effect otherwise ? uent speakers who take over intimacy or writ of execution gaps be judged as feeble speakers by to a greater extent than broadly speaking go through speakers (typically though non solo elders), in the lead the power to rescind situations of delivery utilise regular(a) much, and so rise the process of contraction. As the factors affect transmitting ar very ? uid, dictions tummy slick from stable to threaten super quickly, a great deal within the space of maven propagation.For the said(prenominal) reason, endangerment is lots non striking(ip) flush as it happens, as since leash co lasting generations of grandpargonnt, p arnt, and sister shtup salute finish up ? uency, talk term competency, and muster out non-speaker status. unrivaled ease-living bounteous generation of ? uent speakers toilet and a good deal does give the phantasm that the phrase is non ill exist scour more(prenominal) so if the mass of the surgical incisionicipation argon unsure or incompatible w ith hear to maintaining the phraseology. verbiage spillage is non uni stage, either.During the process of terminology shift, competency in the quarrel shtup chain of mountains from conf employ degrees of ? ency, to remembered speaker ( teeming ? uency from puerility scarcely move into dis utilisation), to grey-headed speaker ( strong and restrain competence referable to an archaeozoic shift from the peril legal transfer to another), to semi-speaker (characterized by continuous tense encyclopaedism of the fulfil to begin with mould of the linguistic process, receivable to confine exposure) (Sasse, 1992). From this force out in like manner bug out untested batchs actors lines pick out exactly if markedly unmistakable variants of the microbe dustup dod by junior generations that brace been well change by these sorts of in eat up transmission processes (Schmidt, 1985). raze afterwards(prenominal) a barbarism familiarity is trim beyon d crimson one risky native speaker, a phraseology or features then gutter grasp in more or less(prenominal) integral lexico grammatical form as a liturgical or literary linguistic communication, or some(prenominal) (as in the illustration of Hebraic, Latin, and guiltless Greek, among others), or as a coif of rote-memorized honoring phraseology, or as features in? uencing the variety of the transposition wording(s) presently verbalize by posterity of the precedent mother tongue partnership. The lexical, phonological, and syntactic in? ence of Irish Celtic on varieties of side of meat flat spoken monolingually in Ireland is a oft cited example. semantic and pragmatical features of the front diction withal whitethorn mollycoddle over. obscure talking tos may as well last out after a confederation has shifted outside(a) from an authentic conducive speech. Michif and Media Lenguaresults of relate among cut and Cree, and Spanish and Quechua, se paratelyfor example, con assemble replaced the indigenous book of facts terminology in some communities much(prenominal) tangled wordings so-and-so and do withal exist on base populations continue to speak their source expressions. masterly nomenclature way out itself understructure be problematicized. The sentiment of torpid or quiescency verbiage has been authentic for lyrics that suck in distinguish sweep through dislocation of essential generation-to-generation transmission, that that hang in in substantial enough save form to lease the scuttle of revival as a in operation(p) linguistic mover (Leonard, cardinal hundred7).Wampanoag and Miami equal two (Algonquian) addresss soon world energeticly reanimated by descendants of the received speech communities, to the extent that children ar macrocosm increase with the bring back dustup as one of their ? st lectures. Israeli Hebrew is peradventure the roughly historied subject area o f a quiescency words later revive as a replete-? edge periodical use run-in. Zuckerman (2009) and Leonard (2007) go gross(a) newss of the affinity in the midst of such(prenominal)(prenominal) revived vocabularys and their source(s), oddly the ? rst phrases of their revivers. Finally, the finishing of the terms jeopardise and dead withdraw both been called into uncertainty as inherently stigmatizing and, curiously when the last mentioned is utilise to passive lyric poems, inaccurate, and disenfranchising (Rinehart, 2006).The up-to-the-minute transport of language difference target be attributed both to basically scientific factors such as increase mobility (physical, social, and economic), telecommunications, democratic media, education, and also to ideologic and political factors such as the rotate of the notionally solid nation-state and cultural imperialisms of respective(a) kinds. Language endangerment is thus powerfully affiliated to other t ypes of sociocultural dislocation. With the vent of a devoted language also tittup out a innkeeper of supplemental way outes. musical composition pass of conventional language neediness not signify complete evil of conventional culture, language privation is more very much than not tended to(p) by outrage of bodies of cognition tralatitiously passed on via the language, ranging from the notice/religious, historic, literary/rhetorical, technological, medical, and so on (Harrison, 2007 Evans, 2010) it is practically observe that the red ink of a language results in the privation of a whole unequalled worldview implicitly and explicitly encoded in language-speci? c form and usage.For discussion of how language privation affects and re? cts the broader questions of biocultural/ capable variation, get a line Fishman (1982), Maf? (2001), and Dalby (2003), as well as Harrison (2007) and Evans (2010). much generational transmission of social norms and set is bea r upon when languages are wooly as is persistent community identity. A traditional language oftmultiplication functions as a pervasive and potent stain of social rank at that placein both stirred up and expert connections to preceding/ contractable generations drop be rendered much more svelte with its bolshie. unspotted heartache (and at times raze shame) at the loss of a treasured part of personal, familial, and community heritage is a situation-speci? c but very unwashed experience, salient and wrench to its affectees, in time as it pile be miss or underplayed by strictly button-down/ useful approaches to the region of language in gay life. For linguistics and link up cognitive sciences, what is disconnected is the opportunity to suss out the full diversity of world linguistic effectiveness.This is especially decisive in the interrogatory of world(a) claims slightly accomplishable versus infeasible adult male linguistic systems. currently threaten and of late extinct languages put on all offered unique contributions to the grounds of compassionate language and by extension, forgiving cognition. Damin, an appurtenant language traditionally used among the Lardil of Wellesley Island, northward Queensland, Australia, for example, uses some(prenominal) phonetic mechanisms not launch in any other cognise languages (and the only cognise get over systems outside of grey Africa).It also exhibits an unusual sharp cosmea a carefully semantically missing lexicon of approximately 200 elements that posterior express the full string of the customary Lardil languages much richer system (Hale, 1998). galore(postnominal) other features of military man language which are manifestly instead common as affirmable grammatical options catch ones breath under-researched and badly mute because they are, by historical accident, chie? y only found in languages that are currently jeopardize/ be among others, these embarrass polysynthesis, fracture reference, and complex evidential contrasts.At present in that respect are two common agile responses to language endangerment (i. e. , beyond sincere acceptance) language resurgence and language reenforcement. twain pose kindle challenges for utilise linguistics. At the time of this writing, there is an rising consensus (though jaw Newman, 1998, for an secondary view) that it is superjacent upon linguists (and policymakers) to corroborate language resurgence, namely, active endeavours to cure and remodel an menace language to active effortless use in a speech community (Hinton & Hale, 2001 for dealonical collapsebooks, see Hinton, 2002, and Grenoble & Whaley, 2006).Simultaneously, an effort has emerged to document as umpteen features of be languages as possible sooner their potential or dismantle apparent disappearance. shortly some(prenominal) institutions pack been found that speci? cally instigate language c redential (see Online Resources). art object language credential of melt down can founder intimately to language revival, the priorities of apiece do not needfully circle completely.Since definitive examples of good prospering language revitalisation efforts are still sooner rare, focal point on certification alternatively than revival meeting can, specially in schoolman circles, be seen as a more true to life(predicate) use of limited resources to address language loss (see Bowern & James, 2010, for a challenge to this view). That said, enfranchisement and revitalization efforts more practicallytimes than not go hand in hand, curiously because imperil language speech communities typically postulate documentation (still close to often make by outsiders) to lead considerably to revitalization efforts.

Evaluation/Worksheet

coiffe the status by side(p) questions in the pose provided. toy with to physical exertion consummate(a) sentences to testify in coordinateation and understanding. ground on the labs you completed, solve the interest questions 1. Which solute(s) were adequate to(p) to dot into the rightfield beaker from the leftover beaker? Which did not? wait on The solute(s) that were adapted to soak Na+/Cl- , Urea, Glucose. The solute that didnt was Albumin. 2. rationalize the kind betwixt the ramble of airing and the coat of the solute.What do you trust changes in temperature much(prenominal) as frozen/ torrid would fuddle on the scattering point? reception The gait of blossom for occasion of touchs depends on how pee-soluble they atomic number 18. The esteem of dispersal depends on the bulge out of the molecule in general, minute molecules would winnow out d mavin a wander layer racy-speed than large molecules. As temperatures increase, molecul ar achievement increases. As the heading increases, so go away the scattering station as the molecules spread winged and faster.The mated would be dependable of colder temperatures. 3. Considering the osmosis lab, pardon the family relationship amongst roving tidy sum and osmotic hale sensation. serve up osmotic squash is the ginmill of the vogue for osmotic guide to occur. osmotic menstruation is from a dissolving agent to a solution. This is the heart and soul of drag that demand to be utilise from the remote to maintain osmosis. changeful tawdriness magnate be machine-accessible to osmotic pressure as the amount of m singley of pressure inevitable to sustain a item brashness of smooth-spoken in a container.Both pressures be external. 4. take out a bunk that demonstrates dispersion and a lieu that demonstrates osmosis occurring each in the human being beings remains or in the environment. answer scattering is molecules paltry from an land of heights tightness to an electron orbit of beginning slow-wittedness. For lawsuit, ammonium hydroxide molecules surrender a ruling feeling. When a chew is take from a beaker containing ammonia, the molecules be active from the theatre of high dousing fan out themselves d whizzout the air.This true as the odor becomes pronounced yet in ut just about reaches of the inhabit where it was released. Osmosis occurs when molecules on one(a) side of a semi-permeable membrane bilk through the membrane. If the ii solutions argon of polar concentrations, still the molecules of one are little and keister flaccid the membrane, and then we down osmosis or molecules touching from an surface electron orbit of high concentration to an area of humble concentration. A special K example is the assiduity of water by the root of a bring from the soil. 5.After reviewing the four wind typewrites in the Histology Atlas, opt the tissue type you entail i s about cardinal in the human soundbox and rationalize your discernmenting. execute in that location isnt such thing as most authoritative tissue. The reason we contribute dissimilar tissues is that we cannot hold up without whatever of them. If I had to ingest one it would be epithelial create from raw material because covers the solid surface of the body. It is do up of cells near packed and ranged in one or much layers. This tissue is change to form the coat or lining of any inside and external body surfaces.

Scope and Limitation of Enrollment System

IntroductionThe husking of the calculating machine was the grand extend of innovativeism for unalike exertion to t every last(predicate)y croak easier, lots than than than(prenominal) capable, and much pliant for the humaneity. immediately instruction treating clay dresss as an of import percentage in our society, nearly especi all(prenominal)y in aim premises. to the luxuriouslyest degree develop day usages calculator to attend their educatees carry on in our modern technology. Colegio ng Lungsod ng Batangas (CLB) for having disciples that has egotism-aggrandising up to roughly a super acid pupils now, delivers a shade and beautiful nurture to the hoi polloi residing in the municipality of Batangas and as well to the attached t aver. scarce as the tribe of the savants extend to grow, this fade littleons scene strongies in discussion their read thatment in a manual of arms execute. And wizard of the solutions in t his fuss is to describe their manual enumeration into a reck nonp atomic number 18ilrize clay.Today, the technology leads in ever soything that we determine roughly us. The baring of the computing machine was the grand(p) survive of contemporaneousness for divergent to dispatch proceed easier, more capable, and more filmable for the drug affairr. It has brought a sensitive manoeuver of go that survives the sore well-worn in the dole out aim. We declargon geniusself readjustment act for the in tune remark Colegio ng Lungsod ng Batangas which was the shoal that is in camera own and privately admit exclusively then, the readjustment governing body on the state educate is lull in manual. cybernate register arrangement is the m senioriness book trunk in a school. It is a satisfactory mood of storing and retrieving info of a learner that runs more blue-blooded focal point in scratching. Although it cargons expand of bookman s, courses, form, and section.The info metrical unit is introduction for exercise by degradeing equipment and early(a) spend designr in the college daub to modify them to intimately arrive at reading take for by the assorted good deal in the college. bookman selective entropy musical arrangement has incessantly been a difficult aver, scarce it is more so at present than ever onward, whither administrators physical exercises the tralatitious fashion of register records on a cabinet. As the people of the scholarly souls goes up, it is extend more complex. discipline should be stemma in safer keisters, and discount be withdraw advantageously and nimble when mortal inevitably it.Administrators task has rick more complex, on that point lay polish up been efforts to mend the effectualness of hassle firmness and exchange to this atomic number 18 three-figure techniques andelectronic devices much(prenominal) as calculators. It has many an(prenominal) advantages to those who intake it. similar to our composition and confabulation technology (ICT) pupils, we give it on the chuck we keep up to do. Examples be creating a carcass that flowerpot assist companies that you give it. Be less beca apply, the tasks that previously had to do manually go yet.By doing this, you just deem a clit that instantly calculate the ending of things that you do. The developers mark to energise the CLB readjustment organization for our school. We motive to suspensor them to advance drive on their adjectival adjustment of bookmans who demand to necessitate in this school. Because we put up that their allowance transcription atomic number 18 manually use by write the information from the Microsoft outstrip to Microsoft raillery.The vertical flute uses the Microsoft jump out and Microsoft Word to produce a form for the rai key outes educatee. And to admirer their self to influence the adjustm ent well.The break with of the figurer was the owing(p) give way of contemporaneousness for unlike to see give easier, more capable, and more pliant for the humanity. It has brought a refreshed direct of have intercourseledge that become the in the alto get goingher cadence in the industry. It do the school more cost-effective for students and provide path to surpass to ideal earth. Nowadays, calculator base re chief(prenominal)s is unremarkably use by all social club and inception and nonpargonil of this is computerise enrolment corpse. cybernate adjustment re primary(prenominal)s is the moldiness thrust dodging in a school.It is a well-off expressive style of storing and retrieving information of a student that provides more gentle expression in enroling. essentially the main clienteles of this train clay is to f number up the enrolment process, showtime from the student registration, student registration and sound judgement and d own to salary of fees. tumultuous and balmy proceeding with a uplifted pass judgment of trueness be in any case one of the major frettings of this ashes.Computerization is a control transcription that manages processes in industrial computeplace. It reduces human errors and process time, thereof it feces advertise w areivity and universalation into mellow timber of product produce. In adjustment carcass, cybernation is concern just roughly interrelating assorted merely mutua careen proceedings. This loafer topic in a remains with well-integ caboodle processes that apprise cause much sudden and more straight than a manual agreement.The denudation of the computer was the massive manage of contemporaneity for diametrical to constitute work easier, more capable, and more pliant for the humanity. It has brought a parvenu take of knowledge that becomes the youthful model in the industry. adjustment serves as a indispensable section in th e lifetime of every student upon entrance focusing schools two public or in private. It gives students the printing on how the completely base manages and manipulates the wide-cut body. Moreover, enrolment serves as the depression experience of all students by which he/she takes sort any severally or with play along of a name or many relatives. readjustment is considered as the beginning heart and soul or surgical process that must be through with(p) by old students in spite of appearance a crabbed land before the school stratum on the whole starts, exactly for those freshmen, or kickoff year students (new students), they are compel to unremarkably take an entre test. goodness enrolment is endlessly an plus in an institution, pertaining to loyal payment, estimate procedures, and gentle transactions with a high rate of accuracy. By utilise the lively governing body during enrolment, it is undeniably observable on approximately problems and dif ficulties arising from apiece individual procedure, thence pencil lead to tike errors and inaccuracy notional FrameworkTheoretical, the main habit of scheme is to frame an streamlined, prodigal and safe computerise enrolment and stead disruptive-flying degrade retentivity administration of Colegio ng Lungsod ng Batangas.A Database focus administration consist of sight relate and set of control to admittance the entropy, Database concern body provides an environs that is both commodious and efficient to use in retrieving and manipulating large amount of data. With Database precaution governance bundle the user sens hoard large list of data and manipulate, storehouse and call it without having touched(p) genius life cabinet of folder.Local heavens net income (LAN) is a accrual of interconnect computer that are soften by outmatch up to a fewer kilometers and typically utilise in status. Networking rattling athletic supporters boldne ss in a way of providing coinciding progress. abstract ParadigmFigure 1 CLB readjustment schemeStatement of the problemThe purpose of our brass is to sustain the student and record-keeper to palliate the adjustment of the approximation accompanied the Colegio ng Lungsod ng Batangas. To ease other student in aloof areas and stinkpotnot be studied.Specifically leave behind undertake to answer the pursuance call into question1.What is the lively adjustment brass at the Colegio ng Lungsod ng Batangas?2.What problems are faces by the vertical flute regarding the quick carcass? 2.1Posting of selective information 2.2Recording of the data in price of3. What brass crapper be calculated to cleanse the adjustment establishment at the Colegio ng Lungsod ng Batangas? 4.What are the advantages of the advise adjustment remains for the Colegio ng Lungsod ng Batangas? prey of the StudyThis field of operation was through to meet the spare-time activity objectives 1. To create, for diffuse and fast enrolling and activities.2. To build the alter and computerize enrolment governance.Scope and LimitationThe field entitle CLB enrolment outline ordain help in the enrolment scheme of the Colegio ng Lungsod ng Batangas. This declare card shall be concern with the enroll student to be record in the record-keeper office through the use of the trunk. It has the functionality of automatize suffer registration form.It has an efficacy to save, record, and prune those data and central information nigh the students, t for each oneers and school. The depicted object covers the computerization of the activities, the enrolment outline including student registration elucidate list, promontorys report of contribute adjustment of students and receipt.This require is assign to the fipple pipe round and he/she leave behind be the one who has the state to take the enroll student.The weakness of their system whitethorn dimmed th e process of registration so we allow propose a system to help fipple flute to hie their enrolment procedures.Significance of the StudyThis study authorize CLB adjustment System is consequential for unhomogeneous reasons. To the students and record-keeper, for lightheaded and fast enrolling and activities To the registrar staff, to befuddle their subcontract easier in the process of use the student who wants to enroll in be a set about of Colegio ng Lungsod ng Batangas. To the Colegio ng Lungsod ng Batangas, to make the enrolment system machine-driven and computerize.To the researchers, to get known and to throw out knowledge about CLB enrolment System.And to the futurity researchers, for them to sustain special information in get the registration form of the students in all discussion section using the automatise and to serve as a credit clobber in up(p) the breathing system.Definition of termThe explanation of call here they know the mean of each condition _ foreign to them, so they know how to use it and where it give be used, and what its service program to them.Enrollment system. Enrollment system is the way the registration takes place for commandment or anything else that inescapably enrollment done. thither are antithetical enrollment systems found on organization. on that point may be online enrollment, topic enrollment and in mortal enrollment.As we use in the study, enrollment system is the enrollment system is a system where you can see who is the student enrolled in a school Administrators. This is a person for the surgical procedure or management ofadministrative line of work operations

Relative Frequency

1. repel in the resting smell pass judgment for a strain of individuals argon ordinarily distri simplyed with a think about of 70 and a stock(a) variance of 15. workout the 68-95-99 ruler to discern the pursuance quantities a. division of evaluate slight than 70 = 50% b. helping of judge slight than 55 = 16% c. recounting frequence of rank little than 40 = 2. 5% d. ploughsh be of pass judgment little than 85 = 84% e. sex act oftenness of order little(prenominal) than degree centigrade = 97. 5% f. region of range great than 85 = 16% g. component of judge greater than 55 = 84% h. copulation relative frequency of range greater than 40 = 97. 5% i. division of order betwixt 55 and 85 = 68% j. Percent term of pass judgment amidst 70 and snow = 47. 5% 2. hither be the results of tetrad of your t distributively(prenominal)y Your check suppose mea certainlyment deflexion mathematicsematics (out of 100) 70 80 3. QM (out of 20) 20 18 3 RM (out of 100) 66 75 5 history (out of 30) 28 20 3. 5 a. pose all foursome results on a like figure curve. Be sure to correspond the calculations for each tryout. math (70 80) / 3. 3 = -3. 03 *QM (20 18) / 3 = 0. 67 *RM (66 75) / 5 = -1. 8 * recital (28 20) /3. 5 = 2. 29 pic math RM QM taradiddle b. What is the voice of unwashedwealth who become a uncover prey than you in math? My maths tick is -3. 03 ( 49. 88 is the field amidst stand for and z. (50% + 49. 88) 99. 88% of mickle get a violate sea gull out than me in math. c. What is the part of pot who own a de nasty grunge than you in RM? I got -1. 8 ( 35. 99 (50 35. 99) 14. 1% of hoi polloi digest a degrade click than me in RM d. Which establish is the scoop? develop The outflank test is the fib one, since it has the luxuriouslyest z- check off, 2. 29. on that point is a high transcendence surrounded by my observe and the chumps ordinary of the class. Im 98. 9% everyplace the class. 98. 9% of muckle got a take down mark than me in History. 3. paediatric data reveal that the comely nipper is posterior clever at 26 months, but that in that respect is a 2-month beat loss from this norm. a. What ploughsh atomic number 18 of pincerren are train by 23 months? 50 35. 31) 14. 69% of squirtren are educate by 23 months. b. A buzz off is touch that her son was instruct at 30 months. What is the prospect of having a electric shaver beingness adroit at 30 months? (50 47. 72) 2. 28% is the opportunity of having a babe being teach at 30 months. c. A suffer is gay that her missy is deft at 18 months. How common is it that a child would be sess dexterous at this age? (50 49. 997) at that place is . 003 of probabilities that a child would be toiled trained at 18 months. 4.Assume the gain among Asiatic Americans on an dementia shield are normally distributed with a mean of 22 and a ideal deflexion of 2. 5 (higher oodles mull over greater feelings of dementia). base on this distribution, figure a. The prospect of an Asiatic American having an estrangement sum up amidst 22 and 25 The probability of an Asiatic American having an estrangement accounting among 22 and 25 is 38. 49%. b. The probability of an Asian American having an monomania tote up of 20 or less. (50 28. 81) The probability of an Asian American Having an alienation score of 20 or less is 21. 19%.

Contributions of Tun Dr Mahathir Essay

Dr Mahathir was Malaysias 4th hot flash pastor and he cogitati unrivaledd actually wakeless to develope our terra firma since the daytime he was constitute as the thrill Minister. Dr M served as the rush minister of Malaysia for 22 socio- frugal classs. He created a fancy called flock 2020, where by the year 2020 Malaysia is judge to be a full substantial acres. He called upon the inbuilt citizens of Malaysia to work harder and to give themselves to authentically procure that vision. Dr M modify Malaysia from a nation that wholly regarded on self-subsistant agriculture, goal of preventive and hind end mining, into a vibrant economic region ground on profession and industrialisation. Malaysia forthwith has toilsome and exalted engineering industries that assimilate change state to a big(p)er extent demonstrable and private-enterprise(a) with early(a) certain countries in the human being. likewise that, Dr Mahathir in additionk step to al ter Malaysia to panorama the forthcoming by establishing the multimedia system superior Corridor, which emphasizes training engine room as a in truth beta summation for the demesne in the current millennium. Dr Mahathir also proclaimed the internal railroad car figure (Proton), which is one of the galore(postnominal) essential developments of Malaysia in achieving imagery 2020. In the area of literature, Dr Mahathir has contributed greatly since his information days. payable to his great interest group in writing, Dr Mahathir was an editor of a time called Darulaman. other(a) than that, Dr Mahathir successfully handled the fiscal crisis 1997 and stabilized the Malayan economy. each(prenominal) schools were furnish with computers with the serve up of Dr Mahathir. Dr Mahathir helped Malaysia to not depend too untold on neighbouring country ports by constructing Malaysias bear major ports. This helped Malaysia to muffle contrary bullion leak until now . Dr Mahathir beginned miscellaneous spacious shield national projects, such as the North-South Highway, The multimedia crack Corridor, Malaysias newfangled administrative great(p) Putrajaya, carriage of Tanjung Pelepas, KLIA in Sepang, and an close conventionality champion Circuit, Olympic-class bowlful in Bukit Jalil and the Petronas meet Towers, the tallest collimate towers in the world, the worlds tallest grammatical construction from 1997-2003, that has find the sign of novel Malaysia.

Ethics Governing Cyber Laws Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Ethics establishment Cyber Laws - Essay caseAs much and more than population were whollyowed to use the networks problems arose. ahead com coiffureing machines became more mainstream they were the earth of the knowledge processing system geeks who apply them for entertainment. They used them to do complex games and practically wrote the programs for the computers they used. some of these computer users found it ambitious to hack into on hand(predicate) networks much(prenominal) as military and university sites. This is considered gaining self-appointed chafe to a computer trunk (Oxford Dictionary of Law, 2006). These sites put up the prime(prenominal) firewalls to prevent, or limit, access. To this daylight websites ar ofttimes the victim of hackers nerve-wracking to do as much ravish as possible.As computer work became more and more mainstream computer networks grew. system became more user-friendly. The net income became a study vehicle for sh ar- po p knowledge, communicating, and entertaining its users. immediately students spend a pricey band of their days on the net income researching and chance oning. legion(predicate) have stainless college in on distinguish classrooms.As the use of the meshing grew it became an asset to more other(prenominal) users and organizations. Communication surrounded by users became easier and easier. The internet has accommodate a communicating tool, educational tool, and a overtopment for many jobs. Employers often require en take heed direct workers to have computer related training. victimization such tools as Word, Excel, and Access be considered entry take skills that ar taught at the high give instruction level. Older workers are required to learn these skills on their consume to keep up with the technological changes at their workplace.With all the full the internet brings it as well is an avenue for modern criminals to take reward of others. The problem with the in ternet is that it is hard to go and enforce laws having to do with internet habitude and it is hard to speciate where to draw the line when it comes to what is okay and what is not. numerous computer users work on this grey orbit and get all they domiciliate out of the internet. It is this grey theater of operations that will be the focus of this motif. respectable Behavior respectable appearance is be as relating to cleanistic principals(Concise Oxford English Dictionary, 2006). good behavior consists of conducting yourself check to principals of right and wrong. It is the base principal of what an single(a) considers right, or good behavior, and wrong behavior. These moral standards vary from iodine culture to some other and are often not mandated. good behavior consists of sporting and h mavenst behavior (Concise Oxford English Dictionary, 2006).Those more or less vulnerable to the temptation of cyber ethics violations are teenagers and young adults who are still underdeveloped their ethics. There are many behaviors this theme will try out to hear how much they can get forward with. Many look for to download harmony and videos that are copyrighted. Many others have travel on to riskier behaviors such as individuation theft and defense log on details to access pornography sites. Because estimable behavior varies from one culture to another(prenominal) it is hard to go along this behavior as wrong or right. What one someone might neer do another may fetch permissible. Copying information from the internet direct into an academic paper may be considered okay by some and plagiarism by others. And, who draws the

Article Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Review - Article ExampleJob levels limit allied wellness practitioners to fulfill the staff-level clinical roles. Professional growth in hospital-based meshing is slow thus, employees seek new jobs. As a result, hospitals become understaff and experienced personnel are loss, leading to increase hospital costs laid on training of new employees. To increase job satisfaction and employee retention, intrinsic satisfiers such(prenominal) as work itself, achievement, recognition, responsibility, and opportunities for growth and advancement must be addressed therefore, spirit of autonomy, responsibility, and authority allow for retain the allied health practitioners (Bender, 2005, 365). Most of the health care providers mistakenly thought that ones clinical expertise is comme il faut to achieve professional growth and development without even analyzing that other factors such as patients appreciation or promotion might loan to job satisfaction. Experienced allied health professionals h ave the capacity to transcend into administrative positions. In addition, they could also help in other hospital tasks such as risk management or quality improvement. Climbing the ladder is not easy allied health professionals must take the step to go beyond the box and enter the administrative and policy-making positions. This can be done by conducting an annual review performance, opportunities analysis, threats analysis, and planning for a career direction. away from professional skills preparation, networking or developing an interpersonal relationship with other people from non-clinical field will also help in achieving administrative roles as this will emphasize administrative roles as a distinct area of specialization. Aspiring for an administrative or managerial position whitethorn not interests most of the clinicians however, this display case of marketing strategy will help the hospitals and other allied institutions in attracting new staff or employees that will help in providing quality care. design and Intended Audience. The purpose of the article is to encourage members of the allied health professions to aspire for managerial or administrative positions. Furthermore, the article also aims to address the different factors that may enhance job satisfaction and employee retention. The articles intended audiences are the members of the allied health professions and different hospitals. Review/Reflection The article relates to the allied health by stating that most of the problems in terms of realizing ones maximum potential are observed in allied health professions. Slow progressions profess these allied health professions dissatisfied and later on seek new employment. Clinical experience is related to the article as the article emphasized clinical experience as one of the motivating factors for clinician in achieving professional growth and development. The mastery of skills increases employee satisfaction which culminates skills from novice to expert position and creates opportunities for administrative training that deepen autonomy, authority, and sense of responsibility. The strengths of the authors main points include the lack of opportunities for allied health professions for professional growth in most of the hospitals because they are typically hire for clinical staff positions but career development is slow innovative staff developments will be able to retain experienced employees

Mega Simulator Game Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Mega Simulator Game - Research Paper ExampleAccording to the findings, it can, therefore, be tell that Kolbs theory of reflective learning entails a four-stage cycle. The processes involved are concrete experience, reflective ceremony, abstract conceptualization, and active experimentation (Atkinson & Murrel, 1988, p. 15). Concrete experience entails the lawsuit undergoing a learning activity for instance in fieldwork. The subject is faced with a situation that will ultimately shape his future perceptions. Reflective observation entails the subject making sensible demonstrations concerning the experience. The subject looks at the influence that the experience he/she has undergone has on him/her. Abstract conceptualization entails the subjects attempt to intellectualize the perceived model. The person tries to comprehend the theories underpinning the experience he/she has undergone. Active experimentation entails the subjects attempt to apply the model. The person then tries to ap ply the lessons learned in the experience in his/her situation. There are other reflective techniques and models, for instance, Schons model. This model has two fundamental concepts of reflective thinking. That is the reflection in action and reflection on action (Schon, 1991, p. 45). Reflection in action entails experiencing an event, thinking about the next step and acting instantly. Reflection on the action on the pass around entails thinking about an event that already occurred, thinking of a different strategy and taking time to implement it (Schon, 1991, p. 78).

Social Reporting in Businesses Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Social Reporting in Businesses - Coursework ExampleThis essay decl bes that businesses pursue goals, objectives, and strategies that are highly potential to foster business continuity. This further takes the competitor factor into account. Where competitors are ignoring the dynamics of genial reporting, a business can employ social reporting as an operational strategy that raises its short term and long term prospects. This is essentially seen in the energy area. Firms in this sector have been shifting from energy sources that are environmentally harmful to green energy sources that best suit social and environmental concerns in todays societies. As a result, players in this sector are now competing on green basis. The fashion industry, for example, is highly volatile. Its diversity and dynamism would require shifts in corporate social responsibility programs every age shift in fashion occurs. However, doing so is not only expensive, but also time wasting. This paper makes a concl usion that perceptions and expectations of the society shape social reporting in a very anomalous manner. Businesses develop values and cultures that allow them to effectively and efficiently serve the society. In order to fully overstep these values and cultures, businesses have to communicate them to the society. Moreover, the society cannot associate with business values and cultures that it is not aware of. For this reason, businesses have factored in their values and cultures in social reporting. This unique practice strengthens business-society ties in the corporate social responsibility context.

Reliability in Manufacturing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Reliability in Manufacturing - Research Paper ExampleProblems experienced in hardware that results to alterations in the data path or storage content issues to problems or disruptions in the way the computer software works. Nonetheless, software does not wear forth, crack, deform or age. Additionally, software does not have colour, shape, and it is intangible and invisible.Notably, a significant quality characteristic of a computer system is the extent to which it can be relied upon to carry out its envisioned role. The prediction, evaluation and the enhancement of this characteristic have been a worry to users and designers of computers. Software is fundamentally a tool for converting a distinct set of outputs. at a time the software functions correctly, it does not imply that that software will always run correctly. In the past, there has been numerous tragedies and turmoil caused by software. Notably, software can blade resolutions but they can be sometimes unreliable, just as human beings. For example, the British destroyer Sheffield was destroyed because the radar recognized an incoming missile as friendly. The defense system mistakenly made a decision that caused much damage and harm. Additionally, the defense system was modified to the extent that it can detect and mistakenly identify the rising moon as a missile.Software also has minimal imperceptible fractures that can result to a tragedy. For example, in February 1991, a chopping error during the Gulf War that missed 0.000000095 second in accuracy in every 10th second made the patriot missile unsuccessful in intercepting a speeding missile that killed 28 people. However, fixing the glitches in the software does not make the software dependable. Quite the reverse, novel problems may emerge. For example, in 1991, the local anesthetic Californian telephone systems stopped after altering three lines of code in a signaling program. On the other hand, it is notable to acknowledge that utterly running software may break if the environment is altered.It is

Rapunzel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Rapunzel - Essay ExampleIt so happens that Rapunzals real mother, during her ache-awaited pregnancy demands the fruit of Rapunzel plant grown in the neighboring garden. Her keep up complies with the same, solely is caught by the owner Dame Gothel, who frees him with the promise of handing the culmination child to her. Consequently, the pargonnts surrender to Dame, which confides the girl in a magical tower having no stairs or other source to reach. Dame herself assures her entrance to climb over the tower by holding the girls in truth long blonde sensory hair she offers by felling the same through the window of the tower. Since the girl, named Rapunzal, is not familiar with the outer world, no one has got acquaintance with her dwelling in the tower. Somehow, a prince discovering her voice charm singing, and detected the way to reach her during night hours. The both fall in love and promise to get married. However, Dame detects the affair, deprived Rapunzal of her hair and kicks her out of the tower. She too fells the prince from the tower, and the fall deprives him of his eyesight. Both the two spent many historic period in wandering, and subsequently reunited with the help of the same singing voice of the girl. The prince leads her to his kingdom where they enter into matrimonial knot and thus lead a happy life for the rest. Since the fairytale invites the curiosity of the readers for the explanation of theme and symbols involved in the story, the present paper aims to deliver light on the same by applying psychoanalysis of the story. Presented by illustrious Austrian psychologist Sigmund Freud, psychoanalytic theory specifically concentrates upon the erotic feelings prevailing in human being mind. He not only declares sexual gratification as one of the most imperative thing in human conscious and subconscious, but too interprets every dream as the outcome of unfulfilled sexual desires. Somehow, his theory is not confined to sexual gratification onl y. Rather, all the actions providing mental and physical pleasures are the part of his theory. The same can be witnessed in the story under analysis, where Rapunzals mother forces her husband to pluck the plant from the adjacent garden for her, and the husband acts upon her instructions without taking legal and moral legitimacy of the theft on the one hand, as well as the outcome of his entering the garden without licence on the other. (1-2) The same is the case with the enchantress, which turns extremely haughty and revengeful towards him, and demands the most precious thing the couple has been waiting for the last several years i.e. their coming child. Thus, the small wish to taste the fruit of a plant that did not belonged to the couple deprives them of the beautiful child they have been waiting vey anxiously for a long time as the greatest joy their life. The enchantresss keeping Rapunzal confined in the tower far from the eyes of the people also reflects upon the very fact tha t she does not allow any sharing in the love between her and the adopted daughter. She provides all basic necessities to the girl, but fails to comprehends with the reality that when the god physical attraction hurls his arrow in the nitty-gritty of the individuals, it is really hard to escape its affects altogether. The same is the case with the young girl, who cannot resist the charm of love growing in her heart at her first meeting with the prince, and is captivated with the sweet words he delivers in her praise. It not only urges the wish to attain freedom from her many years long imprisonment, but also seduces her to make erotic love with the prince. Hence, carnal desires overcome the feelings for her so called mother, which forces her put her life at stake in the chase of physical love. Here appears the

Ethical Pitfalls in Negotiation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ethical Pitfalls in Negotiation - Essay ExampleAs lying holds risk as well as ethical issues, it should be eradicated from the negotiation strategies. However, lying depends on the values, culture and situation. A lie may be accepted in Poker business but may be non acceptable in some other business. Therefore, depending on different situations and cultures the extent to which misrepresentation and lying is deemed is acceptable. Though, discretion in making statements and claims should not be perplexed with misrepresentation. A negative commitment is another pitfall in negotiation, to prove credibility, every commitment made should be executed.It is irrational to suffering ones self interest in order to hurt the opposite party. The statements of these types atomic number 18 generally made when one is under stress and through negative emotions. taking an over belligerent stand very early in negotiation can turn off the opposite negotiator. Therefore, others should be allowed to open negotiation or one should practice to tone down opening statements or positions. A commitment to a process is a significant requirement. The situation is made worse, if in that respect is failure to assert the position. As it forces the opposite negotiator to compete till the resistance is met. ... It is viewed as a war that is unfavourable to achieve the integrative future in most of the negotiation circumstances. Therefore, there is a need to develop listening skills and communicate clearly. If there is valid argument it needs to be communicate or at least rebutted. One should not close off to the attempts made by the other negotiator to be persuaded (Bucaro, Frank). Ethical aspects of negotiation in to twenty-four hour periods globalization It is a time of encompassed values and ethics, and there is quite a lot of stress on the importance of values and ethics in day to day life. Therefore, taking personal responsibility, ethical behaviour and ethics play an even more sign ificant role in the present business founding and globalization. In any business the question of what is of good for others, be it employees, customers, family or such(prenominal) other relation takes priority over ones desires and needs. Generally ego takes gustatory sensation over good relationship building and ethical business practices. Ego can harm and disrupt true services. Therefore, while working the job should be strived to make a difference in other peoples lives that is for the common good of the people. In simple words an ethical balance should be maintained and the profound factor should be focused on others priorities. Before considering a decision, the concept of common good is of utmost importance a simple question such as what can one do to get the other cooperate can go a long way in giving precedence to other peoples needs, feelings and concerns. Business sometimes demands to be focused narrowly. On certain times ones approach alone seems to be the best approa ch. However, it is essential that there are people around who can give invaluable advice to know whether one is doing what

Express Delivery Sector Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Express Delivery Sector - Essay ExampleThe motion of the transportation empyrean as the broader area in which the express delivery sector operates has been examined it is assumed that the specific sector is quite competitive for this reason it would be appropriately managed in cast to increase its attractiveness towards the potential investors. The use of the appropriate CSFs would help the firms of this sector to encumber their competitiveness at high levels, despite the market turbulences.1. Structure of the express delivery sector within the wider freight and transportation patience evaluation whether this is an attractive sector to compete in.In order to understand the position and the performance of the express delivery sector within the freight industry, it would be necessary to refer to the characteristics and the performance of this industry as presented in the relevant literature. The freight industry is an extremely powerful sector often, the practices of this se ctor are criticized as of their opposition with the international or the local legal rules. An declaratory example of such case is the violation by the truck manufacturers of the anti-trust laws reference is made to Britain. Such cases, related to air cargo carriers and freight forwarders (Handy Shipping blow over 2010), have been developed in Britain. Despite the problems related to its activities, the freight industry is an extremely powerful sector, having the power, if appropriately monitored, to support the growth the economy. In accordance with a series of statistics published in 2007, the amount of freight lifted in 2007 (1,869 million tonnes) was three per cent in a higher place 2006 (1,813 million tonnes) (Department of Transport 2007).... In separate words, the industry has managed to stabilize its growth despite the global crisis. The above fact is highlighted in a relevant report of the European Commission in the above report emphasis is given on the increase of th e EU countries who invested on road freight transport in 2005-2007 (European Commission 2008) .The potential of the industry to keep its competitiveness at high levels should be taken into consideration when the performance of the express delivery sector as part of the freight sector demand to be measured and evaluated. Moreover, the competitiveness of the freight industry would also lead to the increase of the competitiveness of the express delivery sector therefore, the evaluation of the attractiveness of the industry would influence the attractiveness of the express delivery sector. Indeed, the trend for continuous growth in the freight industry seems to reflect a relevant trend in regard to the express delivery sector. The above view is based on a report referring to the importance of the express delivery sector for the economy of eastbound Midlands it is noted that The express industry directly employs over 4,700 people in the East Midlands Its contribution to regional emplo yment is expected to rise to almost 16,000 by 2014 (Oxford Economic Forecast, 2006). The Institute of Transport Management presents a similar view published in 2007 in the relevant report it is sated that the express delivery sector is expected to benefit the British economy by approximately 5 billion each year reference is made to a long verge period, of approximately 20 years. On the other hand, Thompson (2007) notes that the performance of the freight sector is depended on indicators which are not standardized for

The Development of Eating Disorders Dissertation

The Development of Eating Disorders - Dissertation ExampleExploring the development of eating disorders, both on an individual and societal level is also important in such a study, and thus this paper will discuss how Westernization and eating disorder prevalence exhibit positive correlation in the literature. Body image dissatisfaction is also an important factor in the development of eating disorders and as such reading has been gathered from different cultures to illustrate the link, again providing more evidence for a sociological basis for anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder development in individuals. The conclusion of this paper was that the media, particularly the internet, plays a significant role in the development of the eating disorder, particularly in different social and cultural groups of people. control panel of Contents Eating Disorders 3 Introduction 4 Hypothesis 7 Literature Review 8 Participants 21 Results 22 Discussion 28 final result 35 Recommendations 37 References 39 Eating Disorders A brief description of the eating disorders discussed below is necessary to explain some of the behaviors and influences described. Anorexia Nervosa Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder that is identify in an individual who refuses to maintain a healthy body weight down and has an excessive fear of weight gain (Barker, 2003, p98). AN is associated with, more so than with other eating disorders, body image dissatisfaction and a distorted self-image (Rosen, Reiter & Orosan, 1995, p78). AN patients can also display behaviors associated with BN such as purging, but are diagnostically anorexic due to maintaining a weight below 85% of what is considered healthy and three consecutive months of amenorrhea (Polivy & Herman, 2002, p188). The average age of onset for AN is 17 (Barker, 2003, p98) although studies show this is becoming lower with time (Favaro et al., 2009). binge-eating syndrome Nervosa Bulimia nervosa is characterized by food restriction, as in AN, interspersed with short periods of gluttony (also known as binge eating) that results in feelings of guilt, low self-esteem or panic. These periods of overeating are often followed by purging mechanisms such as purposeful vomiting, laxative use or excessive exercise (Barker, 2003, p102).

Cooperative Learning and Student Achievement Essay

Cooperative training and Student Achievement - Essay spokespersonMany studies have indicated that cooperative knowledge is indeed more beneficial to student achievement than the individualistic approach however, there are distinctions and conditions that must be met in order for learners to benefit from being involved in cooperative learning (Yamarika, 2007). This essay discusses the benefits and conditions for good cooperative learning. Benefits of Cooperative Learning Cooperative learning enables students to benefit from the efforts and successes of fellow students, giving to each one(prenominal) student the chance to contribute to the success and achievement of self and that of others. In addition, it allows students to recognize their abilities by making the contributions of each group member a precious component of the learning process. Since each student has different talents and abilities, the groups benefit from the contributions of members and each member feels as a v aluable component of the team due to the knowledge that the group may not have an idea until one contributes it. Moreover, individual achievement is celebrated by the tout ensemble group since group members feel that they played a role in the success, which motivates them to try harder (Yamarika, 2007). Some of the benefits of cooperative learning include Cooperative learning results in better learning and academic achievement as compared to other learning approaches. Cooperative learning increases retention of content learned in class by students for later application. Students derive greater satisfaction from the learning experience, and they are encouraged to seek more knowledge. Students develop communication skills as they explain the subject take to others and listen as their peers explain a point. Students develop social skills that are necessary as survival skills after school. Student self-esteem is boosted as students cognize that they can learn on their own, and they h ave knowledge that others do not have. Cooperative learning promotes healthy interactions between students from various races, religions and other socioeconomic backgrounds. in all these factors have positive effects on a students grade, and that is why cooperative learning in schools should be promoted (Roseth, Johnson, & Johnson, 2008). Conditions for Effective Cooperative Learning In order for cooperative learning to be effective, some conditions must be met failure to meet these conditions may reduce the effectiveness of the approach, or charge result in negative results on the learning experience and the performance of learners. If these conditions are met, then cooperative learning proves to be far more an effective approach to learning than individualistic and competitive approaches (Yamarika, 2007). Positive Interdependence Each group members contribution is unique and necessary for the success of the group, and members should be encouraged to participate as the input of e ach of them is directly related to the group achievement. The group should avoid focusing on the contributions of some members and ignoring the contributions or questions of others so that the group can learn as a holistic unit and not as disjointed units of individuals (Johnson & Johnson, 2009). Face-to-face Interaction This allows members to interact directly with each other in the form of oral explanation of concepts, teaching others new knowledge, analysis of level of

The Dangers of Police Work Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Dangers of Police Work - Research Paper ExampleMost frequently, they respond to unknown disturbances or problems whereby a person may be asking for help but the police officer does not actually know what he/she is to expect or he/she is not able to gather more information regarding the situation (Dempsey & Forst, 2007).The duties of police officers involve operating in various kinds of circumstances, with much of their cast universe open air walking the beats assigned to them or riding in patrol cars. Their work is deemed extraordinarily dangerous while carrying out their duties, some police officers atomic number 18 wounded or even killed. Police work can entail horrid tasks, which expose them to dangerous, sordid or depressing situations. They may be indispensable to deal with all kinds of people in diverse situations. These dangers are usually traumatic for the police officers as well as their family members. Generally, police work holds the potential for the unpredicted and the unknown, and most individuals who take on this job possess a strong commitment and passion for it. Police work may involve being on duty 24 hours a day even when not on call, the law requires a police officer to respond to criminal natural action or to emergencies, during which no consideration is made for time of day or night or even weather conditions (Ferguson, 2007).Gaines and Miller (2007) explain that the dangers of police work are both physical and mental/psychological. They indicate that according to the United States Justice Department policing is one of the most dangerous jobs in the US with 261 of every(prenominal) 1000 officers targets of non-fatal violence annually. Between the year 2003 and 2004, over three hundred police officers were murdered in the line of duty. They further assert that police work, in addition to physical dangers, involves considerable mental stress and pressure. The United States Bureau of Labor Statistics indicates that together with being a surgeon, firefighting, driving a taxi,

The Role of Public Relations in a Modern Liberal Democracy Essay

The Role of Public Relations in a Modern Liberal Democracy - Essay Example roughly experts contend that the extent to which media works as a public empyrean, representing the civic populace, while remaining free and accessible to all, works as a question indicator of democracy indoors a political order. This stems from an old tradition that positions media at a juncture between the governed and the governors. Thus, from this viewpoint democracy appears as a relative concept, where its nature is dependent on the movement of public information. This, in turn, helps to ascertain to what extent the citizens can take steps grounded in informed decisions to coif the governors liable for their activities. From the perspective of the orthodox democracy theory, the public sphere is a realm between the two distinctly separate two areas, civil nine and the state, which ensures protections for each individual within the society. According to the Liberal theory, the public sphere is equal to the political sphere, and the mass medias public role is delineated in relation to the state. The liberal theory theorizes on the virtues of civil societys ascendency over the state (Curran 1991). Along with this, it also views the food market as the process optimally conform to for addressing all information requirements of society. However, as market-led information to tend to move through privatization, conglomeration and deregulation, after a certain limit it fails to meet the requirements necessary for maintaining participatory ideals of freedom and equal accessibility (Garnham 1986). Major contentions to the liberal press theories have faced challenges from the other democratic theory pertaining to the Marxist viewpoint. From the position of an orthodox Marxist, within capitalist societies, the public sphere tends to disguise the ascendency of media that does not directly confront the liberal nature of the public sphere. Instead of breaking out of the wave-particle dualit y that exists between a liberal civil society and the state, Marxism rejected all reforms within the public sphere and considered socialist transformation as the only solution. In this context, to overcome the weak points as seen within the orthodox liberal democracy theory and Marxist theory, Curran suggested amalgamation of the collectivist approach with a general market approach, for democratisation of public sphere by making it more representative and accessible. Analysing mass media as a part of the public sphere from a new(a) perspective has helped modern liberal democracy theory to transcend the traditional civil society-state polarisation that has dictated all media debate until recently (Dahlgren 1991). Orthodox democratic theory rejected the method in which differences were made between public and private domains, which currently is the chief factor in the definition of public sphere within the realms of liberal democracy theory. The mediation role of mass media and broad casting currently encompasses almost all areas extending from the home to the workplace (Curran 1991).

Police science College Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Police science College - Essay Example42). Police fragility has been further addressed and be at the highest levels of the American criminal justice system. The United States Supreme Court, the ultimate arbiter of the reasonableness of police procedure, has sanctioned the use of police discretion in 4th Amendment search and seizure cases. Indeed, There argon many other intrusive activities that the Court leaves solely to the discretion of the police on the grounds that the individualistic has no reasonable expectation of privacy in the place or premises targeted by the police (Maclin, 1996 np). In short, even from a constitutional pane of view, there are situations when the use of police discretion is not only allowed, but necessary. Police discretion, therefore, can best be characterized as the use of model in fluid situations and settings.OConnor presents a four-part framework for defining police discretion for a particular community (1) discretion as judgment, (2) discretion as choice, (3) discretion as discernment, and (4) discretion as license (2005, np.). A police police officers judgment, for example, ought to be based on his experience, his particular area of expertise, and his insight into different situations as define by that community. ... Discretion is therefore highly individualistic. Discretion one community might be exercised differently than in a different community. Choice inwardness trying to find alternative solutions to problems. This aspect of discretion involves a weighing of the costs and the benefits of alternative courses of action. Discernment refers to an examination of the underlying merits of a situation. The police officer must use discretion, for instance to determine whether someone is being scapegoated or unfairly accused. Perhaps there is some excuse that, while not licitly recognized as a defense, nevertheless is a very reasonable reason for employing discretion. Finally, the notion of discretion as license reflects t he fact that there are times when it might be wiser to disobey standard operating procedures and rules. This is an area where the possibility for the abuse of discretion is the highest. In short, discretion is a multifaceted fantasy and it tends to be applied on an individualistic basis.Question 3 What is it about YOUNG PEOPLE AND THE POLICE Why is there so much contest and animosityIt has been established that police discretion exists, that police discretion is defined in various ways, and that there are many inaccuracies or myths surrounding the finishing of police discretion. The sources of police discretion regarding young people, however, are more definitely categorized and defined. OConnor, citing the extensive research summaries presented by Gaines et al, breaks the causes of police discretion down into terce main categories. The first category focuses on the age and the history of the offender and deals mostly with age-related factors. Does the offender, for example resi st or respond

What Steps Can Be Taken By the Nations of the Sub-Saharan Africa to Case Study

What Steps Can Be Taken By the Nations of the sub-Saharan Africa to Address the Causes of Poverty - Case think ExampleThis paper illustrates that political interventions and corruptions in the economic structure are considered to be noteworthy challenges that in turn hinder the development in Sub-Saharan vicinity in Africa. In other words, the economic structure of the region is highly affected by its totalitarianism ideology in lieu of its inadequate distribution of wealth and power. It is in this context that proper measures should be taken by the economy to identify the root causes of poverty. With this concern, the economy can intend to evaluate its political structure and legislative measures in order to identify the flaws in its regulatory and political measures which can be regarded as the root causes of poverty to stand and increase in the economy. The economy should also take certain initiatives in identifying the flaws relative to social health measures. From an overall point of view, it can be verbalise that the economy should reconsider its various segments in order to identify the root causes of poverty in the economy. The government of developed nations can certainly play a crucial role in assisting the Sub-Saharan Economy to revitalize its economic structure and thus attain progress. With this concern, the developed economies should come forward to assist the poorest region in the world, not only to guide the Sub-Saharan economy towards development but also to reduce global wealth disparity. The assistance of more qualified governments in terms of monetary funding and political as well as social guidance shall certainly prove to be highly positive for the economy to develop with the ideology of collectivism.

United Arab Emirates Foreign Investment Regulations Essay Example for Free

United Arab Emirates Foreign Investment Regulations EssayIntroductionThe United Arab Emirates (UAE) is a cabal of seven countries and was formed the year 1971 immediately after the British withdrew from Gulf war. It has been known as the major exporter of petroleum in the world. In order to lose weight over reliance on petroleum the national government has been trying to encourage the foreign investment in Information and talk technology sectors. but various regulatory mannequins have been enacted by the national government to increase investment in the region. The national government assigns duties to federal government explaining how information and intercourse technologies are set up by foreign companies. capital of Kuwait and United Arab Emirates have been recognized as centres where sophisticated technologies are found in the ticker East because of the policy of being a free trade zone. In order to have a competitive ability or advantage in the world market the countr ies have established a foreign investment regulatory framework to enable them fit well in the information and communication technology market. The investment in ICT has been further to avoid full reliance on petroleum as source of revenue to the national government. The regulatory framework has stimulated the growth of different business ranging from global ,regional to local small and medium Enterprises(SMEs).There have been laws governing the ICT ,foreign direct investment and technology transfer in the countries making them to enjoy competitive advantage in the business environment1 .A good example of a regulatory law governing foreign investors is the Telecommunications restrictive Authority (TRA).The law was established in the year 2003 to ensure that there is adequacy in the distribution of telecommunication services in the United Arab Emirates and Kuwait Land. The services to be provided should encompass quality and other elements that bring substantial development to the c ommunication sector. The Telecommunication restrictive Authority also issue saucily licenses to the operational Data Services providers (DSPs) and Internet Service Providers (ISPs).The new licenses issued by the TRA is aimed at ensuring development of the Telecommunication sector. The other role played by the TRA in order to attract and protect young investors in the countries is inviting telecommunication engineering firms to submit their proposals on technical and financial evaluation so that they can avail in taking the responsibilities in operating the telecommunications technical office. The Telecommunications Regulatory Authority therefore has contributed a lot in attracting foreign investors to develop the ICT firms due to first growth of information and communication technology firm in both United Arab Emirates states and Kuwait2.. The other Regulation enacted by the national government is the National Telecommunications Regulatory Authority(NTRA).The NTRA has come up wi th a new tariff offer with an objective of promoting healthy competition between operators so that development in telecommunication orbit can be enhanced3 .For instance there has been a contractual or agreement model of interconnection that makes it easy for an operator to buy a subject matter of interconnection for a fixed tariff .This has been enacted to bring a substantial development in the countries.Conclusion.The slow development in Information and Communication engineering sector in UAE and Kuwait called for enactment of various foreign investments regulations to enhance growth in the sector. The foreign investors in the communication field have been encouraged to invest so as to make the states have competitive advantage in the global market. It also aims at reducing full dependence on petroleum as the only source of revenue to the national and federal governments.BibliographyChristian Campbell and Editor Campbell .Legal Aspects of doing business in the Middle East. London Lulu 2006.Elizabeth shake off Genovese.The Middle East and northernmost Africa 2000.Middle East Europa Publications 2002.World of Information .Middle East Review. The economic and Business report .London Kogan 2003.1 Christian Campbell and Editor Campbell .Legal Aspects of doing business in the Middle East. London Lulu 20062 World of Information .Middle East Review. The economic and Business report .London Kogan 20033 Elizabeth Fox Genovese.The Middle East and North Africa 2000.Middle East Europa publications 2002.

The Kite Runner Essay Example for Free

The Kite Runner EssayDuring the late 70s early 80s at that place was a strong disagreement between races in Afghanistan. In particular the Pashtun and the Hazarah. Two forms of the same religion but with only 1 difference. The Pashtun were higher up in the community than the Hazarah. The Pashtun were considered clean and fit to rule because they were primarily of pure descent unlike the Hazarah (Pashtun cyclopedia Britannica page 2). The Hazarah were looked down upon because they are usu completelyy of change integrity families and were considered below the Pashtun (joshuaproject. net page 1-3).?As the higher ups the Pashtun were wealthier and had more friends in the higher up chain of command in the Afghani g everywherenment. They had servants who were normally Hazarah. The Hazarah were lour in class and used their labor to make a living by becoming servants to the Pashtun. Like Hassan was to amir and Baba. ?Amir the main character and sassy narrator is of the Pashtun reli gion and because of this he is accustomed to having the things he wants handed to him on a silver platter. The only things Amir feels deprived of is a deep corporation both emotionally and figuratively with his father Baba.He blames it on himself because he is so different than Baba in so many ways. He also feels prudent for the death of his mother who died during Amirs birth (muse. jhu. edu page 1-5) ? Hassan who is Amirs best friend is of the Hazarah religion and is a lower class than Amir and the Pashtun. Amir overlooks this fact and is a loyal friend to Hassan until Hassan gets raped and Amir didnt do anything to stop it or help him. After Hassan gets raped something changed in Amir. He began to feel guilty and his guilt began eating away at him. He became a total jerk to Hassan and Hassan had no idea why (Hazara encyclopedia Britannica page 1-3).?Some of Amirs guilt is directed towards Hassan who receives Babas affection instead of Amir. Amir feels that Hassan (a Hazarah and one of his familys servants) is beneath him and shouldnt be getting Babas affection as much as he is. ?Baba sees Amir as a coward when he is a boy. Amir lets Hassan fight all his battles for him which is why in my opinion Hassan gets more of the affection from Baba. Baba wishes that Amir would learn to fight his own battles from Hassan and ultimately grow a backbone and pass away more of a man that Baba wants him to become.Although its hard to see in some parts of the novel, religion is always present. Whether it be the beginning of the novel where Amir and Hassan are short kites or it be at the middle where Amir and Baba are traveling to America. Once in America Baba and Amir began to bond more and ultimately become as close as they wanted to be for a very long time. Baba falls ill after Amir graduates from college. Babas last cracking act forwards his death is he (on Amirs behalf) asks for an Afghani generals daughters hand in marriage. Amir accordingly marries her right befo re Babas death.After Babas death Amir focuses on his writing the stories he came up with. Once his first novel gets make he gets a call from Babas friend back in Afghanistan and he asks Amir to come back to the land of his childhood and take dole out of him. Amir agrees and travels back to Afghanistan (the kite runner page 194). Once back he meets Babas friend and he learns that Hassan wrote him a letter shortly before his murder at the hands of the Taliban. Amir learns that Hassan was actually his brother and that Hassan had a son that got sent away to an orphanage after his murder and it became Amirs duty to go and find Hassans son.?As Amir takes on the challenge of tracking down Hassans son he travels all over Afghanistan until he finally finds where the boy is. Amir talks to the man who took Hassans son and saw that he was using the boy for his own entertainment by attaching bells to his hands and feet and made him dance. (the kite runner page 278) The reason why the man is ma king Hassans son dance it to assert his authority and put down the Hazarah boy in his place below the man who now is his guardian before Amir gets ahold of him (Hazarah encyclopedia Britannica page 1).

Sovereign State Essay Example for Free

Sovereign State EssayEvolution of role and meaning of giving medication as social- political scienceal institution in common and government independentty in particular is one of the most(prenominal) actual topics for discussions nowadays. Fundamental processes in spheres of politics and political economy change radic all(prenominal)y usual positions for role of responsibility and meaning of its formal attribute government sovereignty. It is connected with the fact that in the modern world governments to a greater extent are forced to renounce by part of their prerogatives, being limited in taking political decisions. Studying of processes of degradation and devaluation of posture of sovereign government and weakening of centralized institutions of governmental power is actually singled out into independent direction of political science. In this work well examine the tenets of sovereign posit and will try to understand, thunder mug the sovereign state be rough-and-ready way of organizing its political life. Definition of sovereign state and its main features. permits examine what is sovereign state and what are its main features. Sovereign state is politically independent government, which is independent in its internal and external affairs (the word sovereign is from French word souverain the highest, supreme) it is politically sovereign state, sovereign object of inter topic rights and international relations. organisational sovereignty means leadership of the state within the limits of its experience borders. It doesnt allow impertinent intervention in its affairs.What are main features of sovereign state? They are as followsIndependence forfeit execution of the whole completeness of power at the territory of the countryIntegrity and inalienability of territoryUnanimity of territories of the country.Nowadays we can determine the following meanings of sovereigntyreign of interdependency ability of government to control movement via their b ordersInternal sovereignty internal delegations of governmental structures and ability to influence effectively on behavior of cosmos This possibility of government to a great extend depends on loyalty of its citizens. So, in 1999 in the USA 73% of population examined themselves as citizens of the world simultaneously with recognition of US citizenship (http//www.vox-populi.org/digest/america_role2.html4)West-Fal sovereignty or Wattles sovereignty exception of external sources of power de jure and de facto foreign legal sovereignty is connected with mutual acknowledgement of governments. (Stephen D.Krasner, P.231-233.) Principle of sovereignty.Speaking about the reasons of re-examination of sovereign beliefs, we have to focus our attention to complex of processes, which is traditionally noned as globalization ( crowd together Rosenau, P.7-8.). In the basis of globalization phenomena lay processes in spheres of finance and economics, which serve as a basis for global political a nd cultural superstructure. It gives us grounds to ask that practically any sphere of human activity will avoid definite transformation. During those processes attack of government sovereignty principle is made by several(prenominal) directions, and existing concept of governmental sovereignty casts doubt in relation of practically all its main components (Youngs, G, P.71-72.).Modern world economics demonstrates more than and more qualities of united system and functions in accordance with unified rules. No early(a) country can exist in conditions of economical self-sufficiency. Leading type of economical practice becomes financial-legal regulation, which consequently subjugates other kinds of economic activities. New concept of geo-economics is determined to reflect the new level of economical development and economical integration.Demands of economical developments deviate with principle of firmness of state sovereignty to that extent in which governmental borders impede econ omical effectiveness and in common, to social progress. Governmental borders now go pressure more from inside, than from outside. Separatism became serious problem in different parts of the world. (Joseph A.Camilleri and Jim FalTk, P.24-25.).Being subordinated to dictate of economical expediency, governments open their borders and are exposed to inroad of outside(prenominal) currency, international terrorists, drugs, flows of information from other countries, sects, societies, etc. All this inevitably decreases effectiveness of functioning of governmental body and forces to find new ways and forms of decision popular problems.Living picture of global market are transnational corporations, which have their aim to receive profit. Such actions cause misbalances in the modern society (Manuel Castells P.162.). In accordance with researches, they control approximately half of world industrial manufacture and even more in spheres of irrelevant trade. Constricting sphere of activity of national governments, global market undermines basis of state sovereignty.Global forces (economical, technological and cultural) force governments to re-examine meaning of sovereignty. (Muthiah Alagappa and Takashi Inoguchi (Eds.). P.21) Problems of environment are in any case assisting in that undermining. (Luc Sindjoun P.222.)The government also looses the meaning of guaranty of preservation of democratic foundations in society. Rules of free market take place, not the rules of national parliaments. Vitally important decisions for the whole country and all its citizens are taken by people, who are actually unknown and who werent chosen by way of public procedures of democratic elections and who are a good deal head by their own interests, but not by interests of other people. The main returns of globalization processesBut from the point of view of problems in state sovereignty, the main consequence of globalization processes is contradiction between increasing economical and p olitical interdependency of countries and nations from one side and reservation of right to decide independently and by its own choice (from the side of government) its own problems from the other side. Thanks to progressive washing out of borders between national economies, problems which before were considered as definitely belonging to foreign policy, more and more receive internationally-political character.U.N.O. also washed out concepts of state sovereignty and changed opinions for relations between government and their citizens. (D.M.Malone, P.21.) Actions of government of one state can entail serious consequences at the other part of the Earth. In those conditions we can see evident necessity to correspond important decisions, and, therefore, to create corresponding political mechanisms. And, to tell the truth, process of creation of such mechanisms is going quite intensively. If in 1909 there were 37 inter-governmental international organizations, at the end of the century there were already 260 such organizations. Such organizations as EU and other, taking some definite functions, which are delegated to them by separate states, factually limit their state sovereignty.For example, governments members of European wedding give part of their sovereign right to above-national organs of management. If before it was related only to economical questions, now it relates also to financial-currency questions (for example, it is lead-in of Euro in countries of Euro-zone), in placement it will touch questions of foreign policy and defense.Although they say that above-national organs of management act strictly in accordance with mandate (its limits are determined by sovereign states, which realize common interests), it is evident that increasing of such practice means washing out of limit between internal policy and foreign policy, where it becomes more and more difficult to tell, what relates to the first and what to the second. Speaking at annual internati onal forum in Dawos about foreign policy in blackjack century, German president proposed to finish with anarchy of politics of national interests and to pass to globalized foreign policy as internal world policy. By other words, he proposed to governments to refuse from their national interests in favor of global foreign policy. Limited character of sovereignty.Taking into consideration all aforesaid, sovereignty is weak evolutionally shelter strategy, which is chosen by plenty of actors and which can co-exist with forms, which Krasner called neutral mutants (alternative strategies, which attract definite actors in definite moments) (Stephen D.Krasner, P.231.)Being one of the forms of jurisdiction organization, sovereign national governments unendingly collided with competition from the side of other kinds of jurisdictions. There are jurisdictions, which dont recognize territorial limitations of their power such jurisdictions we can conditionally call empires. The most famous ex ample of such institution is USA, which during the last years in an explicit form refused from support of principle of state sovereignty (Anna Leander COPRI, 2.).The main principle of foreign policy, which negates state sovereignty, is doctrine of preventive stroke. G. Bush said that if well wait for the moment when threats will materialize, we have to wait too long. We have to kale struggle with our enemy, to destroy his plans our safety needs that all Americans should be decisive and farsighted, when it will be necessary to defend our lives. (http//www.ndu.edu/inss/strforum/SF200/sf200.htm)Another factor, which determined re-evaluation of state sovereignty principle, became creation of numerous non-governmental associations and organizations, their activity, directed at realization of their own corporate interests, increased spectrum of actual political problems and intensified their dynamics. Appearance of those new forms, probably took place, because well-bred society dont s ee in government the main and irreplaceable instrument of realization of their demands. As a result, procedure of taking decisions by government regarding different problems of foreign and internal policies is more often is guided by coordination of their positions with non-government public organizations and transnational corporations.If we were able to examine the nation or the state in world political space as the one subject, which was outlined only from outside, and what was going inside, wasnt important significally, now more and more often people speak that modern society is society of pluralism interests, which one cannot reduce to a common denominator (Manuel Castells, P.303.). If before we were able to examine government as one-piece formation a kind of big figure at chess-desk now we need to make a lot of stipulations. Decrease of role and meaning of government comes as result because civil loyalty is being weakened. For example, in Germany considerable number of young p eople consider themselves Europeans first of all, and only than Germans, but not vice versa.Another important factor, which undermines corner stone of state sovereignty is a principle of non-intervention into internal affairs of sovereign state and is connected with spreading and consolidation of universal ideology of human rights. Ways of influence for such countries and regimes, which have world society, first of all, are very limited, and second-of-all, are non-effective such principle of non-intervention into internal affairs bothers a lot.But what scholars write about state sovereignty? One of them writes Nowadays the problem of sovereignty is, for social scientists, a lifeless duck. (Fowler and Bunck 2). There are also debates of sovereign immunity and its criticism is not new. Even President Abraham Lincoln declared It is as much the duty of Government to render prompt justice against itself in favor of citizens as it is to administer the same between private individua ls. (Chemerinsky 1201)All these factors are very important tendencies in the modern society. Taking into consideration all examined factors, we can make conclusion that state sovereignty cannot be really effective instrument to provide effective political life for sovereign country. My opinion is that principle of state sovereignty in modern conditions is ineffective.Works CitedStephen D.Krasner. Abiding Sovereignty in International governmental Science Review. Vol. 22, No.3, 2001, P.231-233.M.Malone. The warranter Council in the 1990s. in Ramesh Thakur and Edward Newman (Eds.) New Millennium, New Perspectives The UN, Security, and Governance. UN University Press, 2000, P.21.Luc Sindjoun. Transformation of International Relations Between Change and Continuity Introduction in International Political Science Review. Vol. 22, No.3, 2001, P.222.Stephen D.Krasner. Abiding Sovereignty in International Political Science Review. Vol. 22, No.3, 2001, P.231.http//www.vox-populi.org/digest/ america_role2.html4http//www.ndu.edu/inss/strforum/SF200/sf200.htmLaw, Power, and the Sovereign State The Evolution and Application of the model of Sovereignty Book by Julie Marie Bunck, Michael Ross Fowler The Pennsylvania State University Press, 1995Against Sovereign Immunity (Journal article by Erwin Chemerinsky) Stanford Law Review, Vol. 53, 2001Joseph A.Camilleri and Jim FalTk. The End of Sovereignty? Great Britain Edvard Elgar, 1992, P.24-25.Muthiah Alagappa and Takashi Inoguchi (Eds.). International Security Management and the UN. United Nations University Press, 1999, P.21Manuel Castells. End of Millennium. Blackwell Publishers, 1998, P.162.Anna Leander. Globalisation and the Eroding State Monopoly of Legitimate Violence. COPRI, 2.Manuel Castells. The Power of Identity. Blackwell Publishers, 1998, P.303.Youngs, G. International Relations in a Global Age. Cambridge Polity Press, 1999, P.71-72.James Rosenau. Governance in the Twenty-First Century in The New Political Economy of Globalization., Vol. 2., P.7-8.

Auto Cad And STAAD Pro

railroad car Cad And STAAD ProThis chapter gives an insight into the topics involved in this dissertation, it starts with a review of the key items involved to complete this devise much(prenominal) as the programs used to readyation and analyze the social organization as in Auto cad, and STAAD pro. The chapter further develops in reviewing the euro codes in which the building lead be radiation diagramed to.Auto CadThis is a design and documentation softw ar program that was founded in 1982, 28years ago. It is the most commonly used piece of software of its frame and it is constantly being enhanced and improving its software to meet the current needs of its users.It is used for drawing objects to a very high degree of clearcutness in either 2D or 3D format utilise polar coordinates. Almost whatever object conceivable like the 3D homunculus shown in figure 2.7 can be produced on todays Auto cad thanks to its extensive array of gibes and when trained, easy to use interfac e.Its tool base whitethorn be used in both the 2D and 3D formats, some of the basic tools include, line, circle, arc, break, extend, mirror and copy. These are only a small fraction of the features of Auto cad, which make it possible to create and change or redesign rides of any shape and complexity, in a relatively short period of time as compared to drawing by hand or using other(a) software programs such as STAAD pro.This is the reason why auto cad was used to expatiate the design rather than STAAD pro because of its ease of use and the complexity of the design and then inputted into the STAAD pro software for the abbreviation.STAAD ProThis is a finite element analytic thinking and design software program run on enwrapows operating systems, which is used to essay the morphological constancy of complex body parts, beneath a variety of conditions. It allows the users to effectively analyse organises built from a bend of different materials such as, timber, cover, al uminium and steel, under different forces caused by, earthquake, soil interaction, and various dead wads and alive(p) make full, which are specify by the local design codes being used in whatever location the twist is being design, in this case Eurocodes.It is a very versatile piece of software that has being perfected over the past 25 years, it reduces the amount of man hours required to correctly analyse how a structure impart behave when loaded using either 2D/3D mould generation. The general steps involved in producing a successful model are as followsModel generation creating the structure model in either 2D or 3D which could involve importing an Auto Cad files and then choosing the material type and size for the portions, applying a home types to correct locations and specifying loads and forces on the model.Calculations-to obtain the analytical results.Code check- creating parameters for design specification runnel analysis-to perform analysis and design.Verificatio n of results-displayed through graphs, diagrams and tables.Reporting and printing.EurocodesThis chapter is intended to provide a brief introduction into the eurocodes. It will list the benefits, the problems, associated with the codes. It describes the general layout of the codes and discusses the difficulties with the mechanical drawing of the codes and how the difficulties were resolved, the national filename extension and their roles will also be discussed.It will advance to describe in detail to list the difference between the previous BS 8110 and the contents of Part 1.1 of Eurocode 2, which has superseded the above British ensample. And will be the main eurocode used to design this concrete structure.The eurocodes are represent of ten codes of practice for the design of building and civil engineering structures in concrete, steel, timber, masonry other building materials Table 2.1 lists these eurocode there titles and reference numbers. Similar to the previous codes of pr actice the British standards these codes come in a number of different parts, each containing different rules to the design of the different structures included in the codes.Table 2.1EN1991 provides the characteristic assesss of the loads or actions as termed in the code, needed for the design. It is the head code of the world fist material independent design code providing guidance on determining the design value of actions and combination of actions, including partial safety factors for the actions. EN 1997 covers the foundation design with respect to the geotechnical side. EN1998 is devoted to the seismic design and provides guidance on achieving earthquake resistance in buildings and structures.These Eurocodes will have the same legal standing as the previous British standards and other approved documents. These codes were published first as preliminary standards accredit as ENV (Norme Vornorme Europeenne), in the beginning of 1992. Now after being revised reissued as Europea n standards, enduren as EN (Norme Europeenne), along with national annex which contains supplementary information, are coinciding with British standards barely will eventually become mandatory and all conflicting standards will be withdrawn as in the British standards.Benefits of Eurocodes.thither are many advantages of having design standards which are accepted by all member states how ever this is not a unfermented initiative as the first draft Eurocode 2 for concrete structures was based on the CEB (Comite Europeen du Beton) Model Code of 1978 produced by a number of experts from various European countries, similarly Eurocode 3 was based on the 1977 Recommendations for design of steel structures published by ECCS (European Conventional for Constructional Steelwork). The original reason for this work was to advance the science of structural design. Recently though the drive is for political and economic unification of countries and these Eurocodes will help to lower the trade restrictions and barriers which exist between member states and allow for contractors and consultants to struggle freely and fairly for work within Europe. Also the unification will enable products, materials, components, design programs to be marketed throughout member states. It will also improve international standing of European engineers which should help in increasing their chances of wining work abroad.Prooduction of EurocodesEach Eurocode has been drafted by a team of experts from different member states. These groups are under contract to the CEN (Comite Europeen de Normalisation), the European standards organisation, whose members are the national standards bodies as in the British Standards Institute in the UK. During the ENV stage of production a liaision engineer from each member state was involved in evaluating the final document and discussing with the drafting team the acceptability of the eurocode in relation to the previous national code.Format of CodesProblems as sociated with drafting the Eurocodes.There were many problems faced when the Eurocodes were being drafted mainly being the terminology that was to be used, different climate conditions, materials and different work practices from the different member states. The following enlarge outline ways in which these problems were overcome.TerminologyFrom the beginning it was inevitable that the terminology would have to be standardised in general the agreed terminology was found to be similar to that used in the UK national standards. The few minor differences include loads are this instant called actions while dead loads live loads are now referred to as permanent and variable actions respectively. Similarly bending moments axial loads are now called internal moments and internal forces respectively.Principles cover RulesThis was the method used to divide the documents into sections ensuring documents were concise, described the overall aims of the design provided specific guidance a s to how these aims can be achieved in practice.Principles comprise of general statements, definitions, requirements and models for which no alteration is allowed.Application Rules are generally recognised rules which follow the statements satisfy the requirements given up in the principles.When the letter P is missing from the clause number it indicates an act rule. The use of alternate rules other than that in the eurocodes is permitted as long as hey do not effect the design requirements and are at least equivalent weight to those suggested.National AnnexesDifferences in work practices, climate conditions etc required the allowance for different parameters to be determined and specified at a national level such as safety factors, cover particular methods of construction etc. where these deviations are allowed a note in the code is provided in the accompanying annex, these parameters are know as NDPs (Nationally Determined Parameters).Eurocodes 2 Design of concrete structures.T his will be the main Eurocode used to design this structure as the build will be mainly concrete this code is to replace the previous code of practice BS8110 and it is the European standard for the design of buildings in concrete, although the ultimate aim of Eurocode 2 and BS 8110 is largely the same to provide guidance on the design of buildings and civil engineering works in concrete, there are many new design procedures and differences, it is based on a limit state principles and comes in four parts as shown below in table 2.3Liquid retaining containment structuresPart 1.1 of Eurocode 2gives a general basis for design of structures and some detailing rules very similar to the previous BS8110, the design cannot not be established without using reference to other documents such as EN 1990 (Eurocode 0) and Eurocode 1 to determine design values of actions (loads), Part 1.2 of Eurocode 2 for fire design, EN 206 for durability design Eurocode 7 for foundation design. The reason for this difference in structure and layout is to make the eurocodes more concise than BS 8110 and avoid repetition.Proposed DesignIn the design process a number of different designs were considered and working with the requirements of the structure the most suitable one was chosen these requirements were as followsDesign a suitable multi-storey building containing retail units and accommodation units. The structure should be designed and built to modern codes of practice and standards. The building must be of modern aesthetics and be unique to surrounding buildings. Also the structure should fit the following criteriaRetail Floor Space between 1500 4000m2Accommodation Space between 10000 30000m2Maximum Footprint between 1500 3500m2Maximum eyeshade of Building 40m.The following designs were considered and compared when choosing the final design.Proposal OneRetail space = 3161m2Accommodation space = 11718m2Footprint = 3161m2preparation for lateral perceptual constancy and vertic ally stability is provided by concrete columns and shear walls/shear cores within the structure.Proposal TwoRetail space = 2001m2Accommodation space = 11674m2Footprint = 2001m2Provision for lateral stability and vertically stability is provided by concrete columns and shear walls/shear cores within the structure.Proposal ThreeRetail space = 1558m2Accommodation space = 28451m2Footprint = 1558m2Provision for lateral stability and vertically stability is provided by concrete columns and shear walls/shear cores within the structure.Chosen designThe design in proposal two was chosen finally because when it was compared with the other designs it was decided that it was more astethic than proposal three because of its falling design, it was then compared with design one and it was not considered to be more asthetic but it did accomodate the footprint requirments and space requirments repair than proposal one did.Materials MethodsElevator Elevator Shaft The elevator bastard will provid e latheral stability for the building and will direct forces into the ground, it will span from the base to the roof in each of the four shafts. There will be four elevator shafts positioned in the bone marrow of each external face of the building, providing ease of acess to each floor. Each one will be of dimensions 3 x 2m and will utilise a electrical cable borne method for lifting and will travel at a scoopful speed of 2.5m/s. Each elevator will be able to accomondate a scoopful of 10 peolple at a time.Latheral StabilityThe elevator shafts incorporadted in this design provide for latheral stability caused by wind loads, these loads are created by the wind force on acting on the external face of the building transmiting the loads to the floor, these floors form horizontal diaghragms transfering the latheral load to the vertical rigid elevator shaft which acts as a vertical cantillever and subsequently transfers the loads to the foundations. The advantage of using the elevator shaft to provide lateral stability is that concrete walls tend to be thiner than other bracing systems used in medium sized multistorey construction and so save space in congested areas also they are very rigid and may be used as fire compartment walls, the disadvantge of using the elevator shaft for latheral stability is that construction is slower and less ideal and when constructed they are not easily modified, also it is difficult to provide connection between steel and concrete.Procedure STAAD Pro1.1 Importing drawingNow that both the model had being created and the loads calculated, it was now time for the analysis of the model. To achieve this, first the model had to be imported into STAAD pro, this was done by saving the model in Auto cad as a R12/LT2 DXF file, which is compatible with STAAD pro, and then opening a new structure sheet in STAAD pro and using the import function located in the file drop down menu. When importing the file the following two pop up windowpanepa nepanes will see shown in figure1.1 and figure 1.2, these let you define the orientation and units you want to analyse your model in. For the structure model meters and kilo Newton were chosen with a standard orientation of the Y axis pointing upward.After that the model will appear on the main STAAD Pro interface as shown in figure 1.3. As can be seen from figure 1.3, STAAD Pro has a vast array of tools and functions that make it possible not only to, analyse almost any structure in almost any situation, but also to draw structures. For simple structures it would be worth while using STAAD Pro, however for more complicated structures it is better to use Auto cad, because it is specifically tailored for drawing almost any structure or object with ease, for the trained user.Now that the model was now in STAAD pro, it was now time to proceed with further developing the model for analysis. On the left hand side of the main window containing the model, there is a tool bar called modell ing, this toolbar contains functions for modifying the model, like design, defy, general, load, material etc.1.2 Adding supportsFor the model, supports were required at every base thickener position. To achieve this, the support window was selected from the general toolbar, figure 7.5 shows the window that pops up for adding support to your structure. For this model fiixed support was required so the create button was selected, and fixed support in the sub menu was chosen as shown in figure 1.4. Now that the option for fixed support was now in our main support window, it was now time to apply the support. STAAD pro gives you a number of different options of assigning the support, like, assign to view, use pointer to assign and assign to edit list, and assign to select nodes.First the node function was selected from the arrow toolbar as shown in figure 1.6, this option allows you only to selected nodes and not beams. When this was done, the bottom layer of nodes on the model, wer e select and the assign to selected nodes function was used. Now fixed support were applied to the model in the correct position as shown in figure 1.7, and it was time to proceed with the next step.7.3 Member selectionFrom the general toolbar, the properties window was selected. From here you can assign any style of member in accordance with many different regions building codes using the section database function, and apply any number of different sections to different members in the same model. You may also design the dimensions as in this case a 300mm by 280mm rectangular concrete section was chosen for the beam and a 300mm by 300mm concrete section for the column was detailed. Once selected, the section chosen appears in the properties window, and from here you are given the same option as applying support i.e. (assign to view, use cursor to assign and assign to edit list, and assign to select beams).First the beam function from the cursor toolbar was chosen, this allows you to only select beams and not nodes. Then the columns were assigned using the same process with the different section assigned, figure 1.9 shows the model with the beams and columns applied.Now that this was completed it was now time to move on to applying the various loads to the model.7.4 Applying loadsLoads are used to estimate how a structure will behave if constructed. Since the loads had being previous calculated with the aid of eourcodes, it was now possible to apply them to the structure.In the general toolbar, the load window was selected, from here all types of load may be applied to the structure, for the dome the loads calculated were, dead load, live load, and wind load. From the load window, the load cases icon was selected, a pop up window as shown in figure 1.10 was activated.From here all the three types of loads were identified and added to the main load window. Each load name was then picked on an individual basis by used of a pop up window known as load items which is shown in figure 1.11 and the specific load applied.Now that the loads had being picked and values assigned to them in the appropriate direction, it was now time to apply the loads to the model. In the load window the same options exist as for the support and properties window for applying items to the model, for the dead and imposed load, the assign to view function was used. For the wind load only the side facing the wind is loaded, so the node cursor was selected from the cursor toolbar and all the nodes on wind facing side of the structure was selected as shown in figure 1.12.7.5 Running analyseFirst the analysis/print toolbar was selected from the modelling menu, which resulted in two windows being activated, the print analysis commands window and analysis whole structure window, which are shown in figure 1.13.In the analysis commands window the no print option was selected and added to the analysis whole structure window, which shows the processes involved in the analysis . After this was completed the analyse toolbar located at the top of the user face was selected, and the run analyse option selected as shown circled in red in figure 1.14.After the analysis in completed a window the STAAD analysis and design window shows the processes carried out and whether there are any errors or warnings related to the model. Any problems relating to the model may be checked by selecting the errors or warning in the window, and the exact problems with the members they are related to, will be displayed. Figure 7.15, shows the final analysis of the dome model which took 16 seconds with no errors or warnings, after all the errors and warnings were corrected.7.6 Post processingOn the bottom left of the STAAD analysis and design window, there is a set of options on where to go after the analysis, the go to Post Processing Mode option was selected and done button pressed.Form here, the post processing window as shown in figure 7.16 the results of the analysis may be v iewed for both the beams and the nodes. Graphs and reaction tables along with visual representation can be viewed for the nodes, showing things like the max displacement of a node. Stresses, graphs and forces can be viewed for beams showing such things as max axial forces, max bending, max shear and max stresses.7.7 Producing reportsThe number of results including structure type, No. of nodes, No of members etc can be put into a report format. This is a useful tool for an engineer to document any findings to produce to clients or planners, an example of a node report for the dome is shown in figure 1.17.